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Overview and Application of Split Die Forging in Special Forging
Release time:
2025-03-13
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Abstract
Split die forging (including multi-directional forging) is an advanced near-net-shape forming process with a wide range of applications. It can be used with cold, hot, or warm blanks. Split die forging is suitable not only for forging high-alloy steel and its alloys but also for forging ordinary carbon steel and non-ferrous metals and their alloys. It can forge complex large hollow parts as well as many medium and small forgings used in automobiles, tractors, and other industries. Examples include universal joint crossheads, universal joint forks, universal joint flanges, rear axle differential cross shafts, three-way joints, steering worm gears, and various pipe fittings.
During split die forging, while the metal deforms in the separable die cavity, there is also a die-opening force acting on it. Therefore, a closing force (also called forging pressure) is needed to counteract it. If the closing force is insufficient, the die will separate, resulting in flash on the parting surface of the forging, which not only affects product quality but also accelerates die wear. However, excessive closing force will waste energy.
In the early stages of split die forging technology development, separable dies with closing force were generally used on general-purpose equipment such as ordinary mechanical presses or hydraulic presses. Although this method is relatively economical, the closing force generated by tapered springs or cylindrical springs is too small to ensure that the die is tightly closed. Dies using mechanical lever mechanisms, compressed air structures, and pneumatic-hydraulic clamping structures are complex and heavy. All dies using these clamping mechanisms have poor rigidity, large elastic deformation, are unreliable, and often experience die opening.
To ensure the successful implementation of split die forging production, it is necessary to understand the forming principle of split die forging and master how to determine the closing force and its application method. In addition, according to the process properties of the parts and the characteristics of the press, the die splitting form and closing method should be properly designed, the buffer structure should be reasonably selected, the number and distribution position of the mandrels should be determined to make the split die structure simple and reliably closed.
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